Tall Oil
Movement disorders due to excessive consumption of fats and oils
Fats and oils are a group of natural compounds called organic triglycerides. They are fat, fatty or waxy substance in its pure state, are usually tasteless, colorless and odorless. Fats and oils are lighter than water and are insoluble in it. They are slightly soluble in alcohol and readily soluble in ether and other solvents organic. Fat is soft and greasy at ordinary temperatures, while the fixed oils, as opposed to using essential oils and oil are liquid. Some waxes, which are hard solid at ordinary temperatures, are chemically similar to fat.
Fat is normally present in plant and animal tissues as a mixture of several pure fats and free fatty acids. The most common of these fats are palmitin, the acid ester palmitic, stearic ester of stearic acid and olein, the ester of oleic acid. These pure compounds are contained in different proportions in various natural fats and oils, and they determine the physical characteristics of each of these substances. Fats are designated as saturated or unsaturated, depending on whether the chemical bonds between carbon atoms of the fat molecules contain all hydrogen atoms that are capable of holding (saturated) or have the ability to more hydrogen atoms (unsaturated). Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are liquid. Unsaturated fats can be converted saturated fats by adding hydrogen atoms in a process called hydrogenation. This process creates saturated fats called trans fatty acids.
vegetable fats are usually obtained by extraction under pressure from seeds and fruits. Animal fats are often extracted from animal tissues by boiling the tissue containing fat in water, then cool. The heat melts the fatty tissue, it then rises to surface water because of its low density and can be skimmed off. The greater consumption of fats and oils is in the form of food. Some natural fats like butter fat and lard are used as food with little or no preparation. Some unsaturated oils such as cottonseed and peanut oils, are often partially hydrogenated to increase their melting points and make them suitable for use as shortening and cooking fats. Tallow, animal fats and oils from sheep and cattle, is used for the manufacture of candles and margarine. The natural oils that contain esters unsaturated acids are known as drying oils and possess the property of forming a permanent dry film when exposed to air. Linseed oil and other oils of this type are widely used in the production of paints.
Living cells contain both simple fats and other fatlike. The latter, which are more complex substances, including lipids and sterols. Phospholipids are known derivatives of fatty acids, glycerol, phosphoric acid, and nitrogenous bases. Glycolipids contain no phosphorus, but come from carbohydrates, fatty acids and nitrogen compounds. Sterols are compounds complex molecules, each containing 20 carbon atoms or more in a collision or a condensed ring structure. The fat seems to provide a concentrated, efficient source energy for cells. The oxidation of a typical gram of fat releases 9300 calories of energy. In contrast, the oxidation of a gram of protein or carbohydrate that yields 4,100 calories. Fats tend to harden the cells because they form a semi-solid mixture with water.
Research focusing on heart disease and other disorders of movement indicates that the excessive consumption of foods rich in fat, including fat and sterols, increases the risk of developing these diseases. Various studies have shown that up to 50 percent of calories in food Modern consists of fat. Other studies show that the probability of heart disease decreases the consumption of saturated fat is reduced. Recent research indicates that excessive consumption of trans fatty acids, such as those produced in the hydrogenation of vegetable oil manufacture of margarine, may also increase the risk of heart disease.
When saturated fats are added to solid food, the amount of cholesterol in the blood increases, but when it is liquid, fat or unsaturated oils (in particular the type of polyunsaturated fat) replace solid fats, the amount of cholesterol reduction. High cholesterol in the blood seem to favor the deposition of hard materials and fat in the arteries, eventually causing the arteries to clog. When the coronary artery around the heart get blocked in this way, the blood supply to the heart is stopped and a heart attack. Associations of Cardiology recommend restricting the total fat in the diet, reducing the consumption of foods high in cholesterol, such as milk and butter, replacing of saturated fats with unsaturated fats, and limiting intake of trans fatty acids. Scientists continue to seek a thorough understanding of how the body handles fats and why cholesterol increase to the point that the fat is deposited on artery walls.
Fatty acids, is the common name for a group of organic acids includes saturated (hydrogenated), the straight chain acids, with a single carboxyl (COOH), which are produced by the hydrolysis of fat, thanks to which this name was called. The group also includes all other saturated acids straight-chain acids with a branched chain or cyclic structure. Formic acid, HCOOH, and acetic acid, CH3COOH, are fatty acids simpler. Both have a bitter taste, irritate the skin and have a strong odor. More complicated structure are butyric, caproic, caprylic and capric, who all unpleasant odors. Stearic, palmitic, oleic and naphthenic acids are fats with little odor. A growing source fatty acids is the pine oil, a byproduct of the pine used to make paper pulp.
Fatty acids are useful as thickeners for paints and lubricants. The stearic acid is used to combine rubber with other substances, such as pigments or materials that control the flexibility of rubber products are also used in the polymerization of styrene and butadiene by synthetic rubber. New uses for the fatty acid flotation of ores and the manufacture of disinfectants, polish dry, and heat stabilizers for vinyl resins. Fatty acids are also used in plastic products such as coatings for wood and metal, and auto parts from boxes air filter to the tapestry.
About the Author
Dr.Badruddin Khan, teaches Chemistry in the University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India. He loves to enrich the most valuable raw material of the society, the students, in all possible ways. His contact details are: E. mail: khanbudr@yahoo.co.in; Phone: 00919906415909.
Crude Awakening: Oil Derrick Explosion @ Burning Man 2007
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